Understanding Dyslipidemia
What is Dyslipidemia?
Dyslipidemia means there are unhealthy levels of fats (lipids) in your blood, like cholesterol or triglycerides.
- LDL cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol): Too much can clog arteries.
- HDL cholesterol (“good” cholesterol): Helps clear fats, but too little increases risk.
- Triglycerides: High levels can damage the heart and pancreas.
Dyslipidemia often has no symptoms. Many people only learn about it through a blood test.
Why is this important?
Uncontrolled dyslipidemia increases your risk of:
- Heart attack and stroke
- Heart failure
- Kidney disease
- Peripheral artery disease
The good news: Treatment works. Lowering LDL cholesterol and triglycerides greatly reduces the risk of future heart problems.
How Dyslipidemia is Diagnosed
Total cholesterol
LDL cholesterol
HDL cholesterol
Triglycerides
Your doctor may also order:
- ApoB: Shows the number of “bad” particles in your blood
- Lp(a): A genetic form of cholesterol linked to higher heart disease risk
How Dyslipidemia is Treated
Medications
Your doctor may prescribe:
- Statins: First-line drugs to lower LDL
- Ezetimibe: Helps block cholesterol absorption
- PCSK9 inhibitors: Powerful injectables to lower LDL further
- Bempedoic acid: New option for those who can't take statins
- Fibrates, omega-3s, or icosapent ethyl: For high triglycerides
Lifestyle
- Eat heart-healthy foods (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, healthy fats)
- Be active — aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol
- Maintain a healthy weight
Living With Dyslipidemia
- Take medicines exactly as prescribed
- Track your numbers over time
- Remember: cholesterol management is about long-term heart health, not just a lab test
- Support is available — you are not alone
Questions to Ask Your Healthcare Team
- What are my cholesterol and triglyceride numbers, and what should my goals be?
- Do I need medication in addition to lifestyle changes?
- Should I be tested for ApoB or Lp(a)?
- How often should I have my blood checked?
- What side effects should I watch for?
Need more information?
Visit the HeartLife Academy for comprehensive video resources about Dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular health.
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